• Alternative Fuels and Vehicles
• Fuel Blends
• Fuel Economy
• Hybrid Vehicles
• Idle Reduction

Alternative Fuels

Ethanol | Biodiesel | Natural Gas | Propane/Liquefied Petroleum Gas | Electricity

• Alcohol based alternative fuel, blended in a mixture of 85% ethanol, 15% gasoline.
• Feedstock for this fuel include corn, barley and wheat, however it can also be produced from "cellulosic biomass" such as trees and grasses.
• Commonly used to increase octane and improve the emissions quality of gasoline.
• Vehicles that run on E85 are called flexible fuel vehicles (FFV's).

For more information visit www.e85fuel.com.

• Domestically produced, renewable fuel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats or recycled restaurant greases.
• This product can be used as a diesel fuel or mixed with regular diesel fuel.
• Most common commercial product is B20, a blend of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel fuel.
• Biodiesel is biodegradable and reduces serious air pollutants.

For more information visit www.biodiesel.org.

• Domestically produced and readily available through utility infrastructure.
• Clean burning and significantly reduces harmful emissions
• Cars, vans, buses and small trucks generally use natural gas that has been compressed and stored in high-pressure cylinders.
• Can be stored on-board in either a compressed gaseous state (CNG) or a liquefied gaseous state (LNG).

• LPG is a byproduct of natural gas processing and petroleum refining.
• LPG is a popular alternative fuel choice because infrastructure is in place for efficient distribution.
• LPG consists of hydrocarbons, which are gases at room temperature, but turn into liquid when they are compressed.
• LPG produces fewer vehicle emissions than gasoline.
• An engine that runs on propane can expect a longer service life and reduced maintenance costs.
• Approximately 85% of propane used in the U.S. is domestically produced.

• EV's are divided into battery and hybrid classes
• Electric vehicles have no tailpipe emissions.
• EV's do not burn gasoline in an engine, they use electricity stored on the car in batteries.
• EV's battery is charged by plugging into an ordinary 110-volt wall socket.
• EV's have lower maintenance and "fuel" (electricity) costs than gasoline powered vehicles.
• Hybrid electric vehicles can be designed to run on any fuel, including gasoline or diesel as well as alternative fuels.
• Hybrids are self-contained units for maximum efficiency, when decelerating or braking the wheels drive the electric motor, which acts as a generator and recharges the battery.

• Alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), as defined by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct), include any dedicated, flexible fuel, or dual-fuel vehicle designed to operate on at least one alternative fuel.
• AFVs come in a variety of models such as sedans, pickup trucks, SUVs, vans, shuttle buses, medium-duty vehicles (such as delivery trucks), heavy duty buses and heavy duty trucks.
• Alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) can be used in consumer or fleet applications and incentives are available to make them cost effective for both.

For more information on Alternative Fuels and Alternative Fuel Vehicles please visit the US Department of Energy website at: www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities.